Sustainability disclosures
under MiCA

Paytop SAS, the Triple-A group entity authorised as a crypto-asset service provider (CASP) under MiCA by the French Autorité des Marchés Financiers (AMF), sets out below information on the principal adverse impacts on the climate and other environment-related adverse impacts of the consensus mechanisms used by the crypto-assets for which it provides services — namely Bitcoin (BTC), Ether (ETH), USD Coin (USDC) and Euro Coin (EURC). This information is drawn from the relevant crypto-asset white papers and third-party data sources, is made available free of charge in a downloadable format, is reviewed at least annually, and is updated where a material change occurs.

• Proof of Work (PoW). Used by Bitcoin (BTC). Network security is achieved through competitive computation: miners expend processing power to validate transactions and propose blocks, rewarded with block rewards and transaction fees. This mechanism is energy-intensive.
• Proof of Stake (PoS). Used by Ethereum, and by the networks on which USDC and EURC are issued (e.g. Ethereum, Solana, Polygon). Validators stake crypto-assets as collateral to propose and attest to blocks and are selected in proportion to their stake; honest validation is rewarded through staking rewards and transaction fees, while misbehaviour can result in loss of staked assets. Energy use is materially lower than Proof of Work.
• Layer-2 and payment-channel networks. The Lightning Network (on Bitcoin) and Arbitrum (a rollup on Ethereum) settle to an underlying base chain. In line with CCRI/ESMA guidance, a Layer-2's disclosure includes the base-layer footprint attributable to its activity plus its own (minor) infrastructure; it does not replace the base chain's profile. BTC transacted over Lightning and ETH/USDC over Arbitrum are reported under Bitcoin and Ethereum respectively.

The following indicators are provided for each crypto-asset for which Paytop SAS provides services. The figures represent the whole-network (global) energy use and emissions of each asset's consensus mechanism over the year — not the portion attributable to Paytop. Per-transaction “intensity” columns are the normalised comparability metrics. USDC and EURC are e-money tokens issued by Circle SAS; their figures are taken from Circle's MiCA white papers, as Article 66(5) permits sourcing from crypto-asset white papers.

USDC and EURC each sit below the 500,000 kWh threshold (basic tier), so only total energy consumption is mandatory; renewable-share, energy-intensity and GHG columns are therefore marked “not required”. Per-chain energy (kWh/yr, Circle / MiCA Crypto Alliance): USDC — Ethereum ~16,660, Solana ~38,169, Arbitrum ~124, Polygon ~29; EURC — Ethereum ~726, Solana ~246. EURC Scope 1 & 2 emissions (~1.2 tCO₂e total) are available from Circle and may be disclosed voluntarily. Update rows if the supported-asset list or the chains offered change.

Indicators are estimated using publicly available blockchain data and third-party research — the Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance (CBECI) and Digiconomist for Bitcoin, the Crypto Carbon Ratings Institute (CCRI) and ethereum.org for Ethereum, and Circle's published MiCA crypto-asset white papers (data provided by the MiCA Crypto Alliance, prepared in line with Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2025/422) for USD Coin and Euro Coin — based on defined assumptions regarding network energy use, transaction volumes and asset activity. No market-based or offsetting adjustments have been applied.